COVID-19 Information Read the Latest
Children's Hospital is part of the UPMC family.
Our Sites
Be safe anytime, anywhere.
To find a pediatrician or pediatric specialist, please call 412-692-7337 or search our directory.
A resource for our network of referring physicians.
For more information about research, please call our main office at 412-692-6438.
Ranked #6 Nationally by U.S. News & World Report.
Immunosuppressant medications, which are necessary to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, make it more difficult for a liver transplant recipient's body to fight infections. Symptoms such as a cough or fever, which may have gone away on their own before a transplant, can be a warning sign of an infection. If your child is a liver transplant recipient and has any signs or symptoms of infection described on this page, you should call his or her primary physician or transplant coordinator immediately. We recommend that a doctor evaluate a patient to determine if he or she has an infection and how the infection, if any, should be treated. Even if your child’s doctor diagnoses and treats the infection, it is important that you tell your child’s transplant coordinator about it. This is important for your child’s long-term care.
Fever in a child taking immunosuppressants is an important warning sign that there may be an infection or organ rejection. Even if a patient's fever lasts only a few minutes, they need to contact their primary physician or transplant coordinator. If the fever subsides, it does not mean that the cause of the fever (usually an infection) is gone.
You should check your child’s temperature every morning for the first three months after transplant and at any time he or she feels ill or hot, or has shaking chills. A glass mercury thermometer placed under the tongue for three minutes or an electronic digital thermometer can be used. If your child’s temperature is 101oF (38.3oC), call your transplant coordinator immediately. If your child’s temperature is between 100oF (37.8oC) and 101oF (38.3oC) for 24 hours, contact your transplant coordinator. If your child feels ill, do not wait 24 hours before calling the transplant coordinator – a coordinator should be contacted right away.
After receiving information from a liver transplant patient with a fever, a transplant coordinator from the Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation gives the patient advice about how to treat the fever. You may be asked to take your child to the local hospital emergency department. Your child’s doctor should contact the transplant coordinator or the on-call coordinator to make sure all the necessary tests are ordered during your child’s stay at the hospital. Evaluating the situation may require a culture of blood, throat tissue, or urine; a chest X-ray; and tests of liver enzymes, digestive enzymes, blood glucose, and other factors. Your child’s symptoms and physical condition will help determine what tests are necessary.
You should remember to call a transplant coordinator before your child begins taking any new prescription or over-the-counter medication.
A liver transplant recipient should not take acetaminophen (Tylenol) or aspirin for a fever unless his or her transplant coordinator approves the use of the drug. If your child takes acetaminophen or aspirin while his or her temperature is mildly elevated – between 99.0oF (37.2oC) and 100.9oF (38.3oC) – the medicine will lower the temperature; no one will ever know if the temperature would have gone up. Just because the fever is gone does not mean that the cause of the fever, usually infection, is also gone.
After your child has been examined by a doctor and has had the necessary tests to investigate the cause of the fever, he or she may take medicine such as acetaminophen to lower the fever. Anyone with a fever should drink extra fluids and rest.
Patients may take acetaminophen occasionally for muscle aches, headaches, etc. However, it should not be used on a regular basis. Remember to call the transplant coordinator if your child has unrelieved headaches or pain.
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a cancer-like condition that occurs in about two percent of transplant recipients. It is usually due to infection by the Epstein-Barr virus. Epstein-Barr virus, or EBV, is the same virus that causes mononucleosis.
The most common symptom of EBV infection is swelling in one or more lymph glands. Swelling is most commonly found in the neck but can also involve the tonsils and the lymph glands in the armpit, groin, and elsewhere. An infected patient also may have a fever. Report any lumps (masses) or swelling to your child’s transplant coordinator immediately. Although a swollen gland is a normal response to an infection, this can be a very dangerous in an immunosuppressed liver transplant patient. Patients may need to be hospitalized immediately so that a biopsy of the mass can be performed.
If the biopsy shows that a patient has PTLD, a transplant surgeon adjusts immunosuppressive medications. Transplant recipients may also receive intravenous medication. The transplant surgeon may order tests to determine if there are any internal masses. In most cases, PTLD can be treated by reducing the dose of immunosuppressive drugs the patient is receiving. If this strategy does not lead to resolution of PTLD, the Institute has many other approaches to treat this disorder.
Learn more about Liver Transplant Safety and Best Practices.
Children's Hospital's main campus is located in the Lawrenceville neighborhood. Our main hospital address is:
UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh One Children’s Hospital Way 4401 Penn Ave. Pittsburgh, PA 15224
In addition to the main hospital, Children's has many convenient locations in other neighborhoods throughout the greater Pittsburgh region.
With myCHP, you can request appointments, review test results, and more.
For questions about a hospital bill call:
To pay your bill online, please visit UPMC's online bill payment system.
Interested in giving to Children's Hospital? Support the hospital by making a donation online, joining our Heroes in Healing monthly donor program, or visiting our site to learn about the other ways you can give back.